In a grid-connected rooftop or small Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system, the direct current (DC) power produced by the SPV panel undergoes conversion to alternating current (AC) through a power conditioning unit. The converted AC power is then supplied to the grid, either through a 440/220 Volt three/single-phase line or a 33 kV/11 kV three-phase line. The choice depends on the system’s capacity, whether installed in a residential complex, institution, or commercial establishment, and the regulatory guidelines established by individual states.
These systems operate by generating power during daylight hours, effectively utilizing it to meet internal energy needs and supplying any excess power to the grid, provided the grid is operational. During periods of insufficient solar power, such as due to cloud cover, the system seamlessly switches to drawing power from the grid to meet the captive loads.